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Categoría:Gestión de la energíacategory:energía Sukhum-KalehSukhumi (სოხუმი in Georgian, in Abkhaz language) is the capital of Abkhazia, a de facto independent state that is internationally recognised, however, as being part of Georgia. In 1989 had a population of 121,406. Local residents use the Abkhazian variant of its name, Sukhum - Sukhumi is perceived as offensively Georgian.
Description 1989
It is located on a wide bay of the Black Sea in western Georgia and serves as a port, rail junction and a holiday resort. It is known for its beaches, sanatoriums, mineral-water spas and semitropical climate. Sukhumi is also an important air link for Abkhazia, as the Sukhumi Dranda Airport is located within the city. Sukhumi contains a number of hotels, as well as a lively artist scene. The city also maintains historic botanical gardens, established in 1840. Until 1992 it remained a multi-cultural city, where nine different languages were spoken.
The city contains a number of research institutes and the Abkhaz State University. In Soviet times, it contained a renowned ape breeding station. From 1945 to 1954, the city's electron physics laboratory was involved in the Soviet program to develop nuclear weapons.
History
The Greek colony of Dioscurias was founded here in the 6th century BC. From the time of Pliny (N.H. 6.14-16) and Arrian (Periplus ponti euxini 10.3) it was known as Sebastopolis; Aidan Liddle, in his translation of Arrian's Periplus, notes that the towers of Dioscurias have been found beneath the surface of the Black Sea, and speculates that the encroaching sea forced the inhabitants to relocate to Sebastopolis. It was the Turkish fortress of Suhum-Kale when Russia occupied it in 1810.
Sukhumi was the center of the war between Georgia and Abkhazia in the early 1990s. The conflict damaged much of the city, with several important buildings, such as the National Archives, being destroyed completely. Although much of the city has been rebuilt, the city is still suffering the after-effects of the war, and it has not regained its earlier ethnic diversity.
Monuments
Probably the most popular tourist attraction in Sukhum is the Beslet arcaded bridge of the 12th century. There are also visible vestiges of the Roman walls, the 11th-century castle of king Bagrat, several towers of the Great Abkhazian Wall, the 14th-century Genoese fort, and the 18th-century Ottoman fortress.
The neighbourhood of Sukhum is rich in antique monuments. The most important is the Kaman Church (12 km from Sukhumi), erected over the tomb of Saint John Chrysostom in the 11th century. 22 km from Sukhumi lies New Athos, a medieval Abkhazian capital with ruins of the 8th-century fortress and church. The [http://www.photosight.ru/photo.php?photoid=686713&ref=author magnificent monastery of New Athos] was constructed in the 1880s on behest of Emperor Alexander III of Russia. Northward in the mountains is the Voronya Cave, the deepest in the world.
Category:AbkhaziaCategory:Cities in Georgia (country) Category:Coastal citiesCategory:Port cities
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